Your brain’s heightened sensitivity can make you perceptive and creative. But it’s a double-edged sword, researchers find.你的大脑如果高度敏感,会给你带来洞察力和创造力, 但研究人员发现,这也是一把双刃剑。
It turns out that a high IQ is also associated with various mental and immunological diseases like depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, ADHD as well as allergies, asthma, and immune disorders. 事实证明,高智商还与各种精神和免疫疾病有关,如抑郁症、双相情感障碍、焦虑症、多动症以及过敏、哮喘和一些免疫疾病。
A survey showed that highly intelligent people are 20% more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 80% more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, 83% more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety, and 182% more likely to develop at least one mood disorder.一项调查显示,高智商的人被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的可能性会增加 20%,患多动症的可能性增加 80%,患焦虑症增加 83%,只有多 182% 的可能性出现至少一种情绪障碍。
When it comes to physiological diseases, people with high cognitive abilities are 213% more likely to have environmental allergies, 108% more likely to have asthma, and 84% more likely to have an autoimmune disease.在生理疾病方面,认知能力高的人患环境过敏的可能性增加 213%,患哮喘的可能性增加 108%,患自身免疫性疾病的可能性增加 84%。
The researchers turned to the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) to look for some of the answers. PNI examines how the chronic stress accumulated as a response to environmental factors influences the communication between the brain and the immune system.研究人员尝试在心理神经免疫学 (PNI) 领域寻找答案。 PNI 研究的是作为对环境因素的反应而积累的慢性压力,如何影响大脑和免疫系统之间的交流。
The researchers point out that highly intelligent people have tendencies for “intellectual overexcitabilites” and a hyper-reactivity of the central nervous system. 研究人员指出,高智商的人有“智力过度兴奋”和中枢神经系统过度反应的倾向。
On the one hand, this gives people with high IQ heightened awareness that helps their creative and artistic work. 一方面,这让智商高的人提高了意识,有助于他们的创造性和艺术工作。
In fact, the field of cognitive ability recognizes one aspect of highly intelligent people to be “a broader and deeper capacity to comprehend their surroundings.”事实上,认知能力的意思是,高智商的一个方面就是“在理解周围环境时,能更广泛,更深入”。
This hyper-reactivity, however, can also lead to deeper depressions and poor mental health. This turns out to be particularly true for poets, novelists and people with high verbal intelligence. Their intense emotional response to the environment increases tendencies for rumination and worry, both of which predict depression and anxiety disorders.然而,这种过度反应也可能导致更深的抑郁和心理健康状况不佳。 事实证明,对于诗人、小说家和语言天分高的人来说更是如此。 他们对环境的强烈情绪反应,增加了沉思和担忧的倾向,这两者都会导向着抑郁症和焦虑症。
Heightened psychological responses can affect immunity, write the researchers. People with overexcitabilites may have strong reactions to seemingly harmless external stimuli like an annoying clothing tag or a sound. This reaction may turn into low level chronic stress and launch an inappropriate immune response. 美国研究人员在报告中写道,增强的心理反应会影响免疫力。 过度兴奋的人可能会对看似无害的外部刺激(如烦人的衣服标签或声音)产生强烈反应。 这种反应可能会变成低水平的慢性压力,并引发不适当的免疫反应。
When the body believes it is in danger (regardless of whether it is an objectively real one like a toxin or an imagined one like an annoying sound), it launches a cascade of physiological responses that include a myriad of hormones, neurotransmitters and signaling molecules. When these processes are chronically activated, they can alter the body and the brain, dysregulate immune function and lead to conditions like asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases.当身体认为自己处于危险之中时(无论它是客观真实的,如毒素,还是想象中的,如恼人的声音),它会启动一系列生理反应,包括无数的激素、神经递质和信号分子。 当这些过程被长期激活时,它们会改变身体和大脑,使得免疫功能失调,并导致哮喘、过敏和自身免疫性疾病等疾病。
The scientific literature has confirmed the association between gifted children and an increased rate of allergies and asthma. One study shows that 44% of those with an IQ over 160 suffered from allergies compared to 20% of age-matched peers. Тhe exploratory study done by the authors of this latest paper further supports that connection. 科学研究已经证实了天才儿童与过敏和哮喘发病率增加之间的关联。 一项研究表明,智商超过 160 的人中有 44% 患有过敏症,而年龄匹配的同龄人中一般只有 20% 。 上述这篇最新论文的作者所做的探索性研究,也同样支持这种联系。
Based on their findings and previous studies the researchers have termed this phenomenon the hyper brain / hyper body theory of integration, explaining that:根据他们的发现和之前的研究,研究人员将这种现象称为超大脑/超身体整合理论,并解释说:
The overexcitabilities specific to those with high intelligence may put these individuals at risk for hypersensitivity to internal and/or external environmental events. 高智商者特有的过度兴奋可能会使这些人面临对内部和/或外部环境事件,出现过敏的风险。
The rumination and worry that accompanies this heightened awareness may contribute to a chronic pattern of fight, flight, or freeze responses which then launch a cascade of immunological events. […] 伴随着这种提高意识所出现的沉思和担忧,可能会导致一种长期的战斗、逃跑或冻结反应模式,然后引发一连串的免疫事件。 […]
Ideally, immune regulation is an optimal balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory response. It should zero in on inflammation with force and then immediately return to a calm state. In those with the overexcitabilities previously discussed, including in those with ASD, this system appears to fail to achieve a balance and thus inflammatory signals create a state of chronic activation.理想情况下,免疫调节是促炎和抗炎反应的最佳平衡。 它应该用力将炎症归零,然后立即恢复平静状态。 但很遗憾,对于上面这些容易过度兴奋的人,包括 ASD 患者,该系统似乎无法达到平衡,因此炎症信号会产生慢性激活状态。
西方国家大部分都是这种:篮球basketball、网球tennis、棒球baseball、游泳swimming、骑马horse back riding、射箭archery、独木舟 canoeing、高尔夫golf、体操Gymnasium、攀岩rock climbing、排球volleyball、滑冰skating、划水waterskiing、帆船、皮划艇,闲暇时间学生就弹吉他、唱歌跳舞,真是放松。
这些和我们国家的培训班差不多,只是有些是设在比较封闭的环境里,比如山中,有些设在艺术学院里,有些在市中心某个公园旁或者博物馆旁。有些是多种艺术形式,有些则只侧重一种。美国有一个很有名的戏剧表演营地,叫做【舞台后门】,培养过一些大牌明星,比如钢铁侠《 Iron Man》中的那个男演员唐尼 斯达克 tony stark(完整姓名是Anthony Stark,叫他唐尼是昵称。),还有《这个杀手不太冷》中的小姑娘。在这个学费昂贵的营地里有若干大小剧场,学生们有很多表演的机会。韩国如今也有一些明星培训学校在中国各城市招生,性质也差不多。
美国高考中的SAT是什么意思呢? 这三个字母中的 T 表示测试 test,A 最开始是表示 天分 aptitude,而不是知识 knowledge,所以,对美国大学来说,雅思成绩和数学成绩只是一个参考,那些更容易作假的高中成绩更不会被重视,他们看中的是申请者的天分和能力。但是天分是不好测试的,所以后来主持考试的美国高校委员会 COLLEGE BOARD将SAT的含义解释为 SAT 推理测试 SAT Reasoning Test。
很多美国城市都有一条大街叫做百老汇(broadway = broad way,意思就是大道),但是我们说的纽约百老汇是指曼哈顿中城区的一个街区,这里是世界戏剧的中心:芭蕾、音乐(歌舞)剧、歌剧、话剧、木偶剧、多媒体剧、舞剧等等,每天都有很多不同的优秀剧目在上演,舞台上经常能够看到我们只能在好莱坞大片上才能看到的熟悉面孔在演话剧,有些还是奥斯卡影帝、影后,获得过托尼奖的著名演员等,比如这个著名话剧《推销员之死》(Death of a Salesman)。
美国国际夏令营介绍:2013年度艾迪 克雷恩(Edie Klein)奖-佛罗里达州BIG PINE KEY镇 新发现海洋研究实验室 国际周末项目
Seacamp/Newfound Harbor Marine Institute
Seacamp(海洋夏令营)/ Newfound Harbor Marine Institute(新发现海洋研究实验室)
Big Pine Key, FL
地址:美国佛罗里达州BIG PINE KEY镇
International Weekend
国际周末项目
Since 1992, the Newfound Harbor Marine Institute, a residential program for schools at Seacamp, has hosted and taught international students about marine environment in conjunction with Florida Rotary Clubs. International high school exchange students participate in a 3 day educational event along with Florida Keys students.
自1992年以来,新发现海洋研究实验室(Newfound Harbor Marine Institute)作为一个海洋夏令营(Seacamp)的专门给学校学生设计的宿营项目,已经接待了很多来自世界各地的学生,并且通过和佛罗里达旋转俱乐部(Florida Rotary Clubs)的合作向这些国际学生传授海洋环境的知识。来自其他国家的在这里参加高中学生交换计划的年轻人会和佛罗里达的FLORIDA KEYS 本地区的学生一起参加一个为期三天的教育活动。
The goal of the annual International Weekend is to educate students about marine related topics through first-hand observation in the ocean and laboratories. Small groups, each studying a separate topic, learn about the biology and ecology of Florida Keys eco-systems through boat trips, snorkeling and wading. Led by instructors, they gain practical experience in different habitats. Discussion of the biological and social context of the topics helps make a bridge from the Florida Keys to a global perspective.
这个年度国际周末(International Weekend)夏令营活动的目标是,通过学生亲自在海洋上和实验室里观察,教育他们有关海洋的知识。每个小组分别研究不同的课题,通过坐船出海、浮潜和淌水行进,学习关于FLORDIA KEYS当地的生态系统中的生物学和生态学知识。这些活动由指导员带领,学生们会获取各种不同生态群落的实际经验。与这些主题有关的生态环境以及社会背景方面的讨论,则将帮助大家将视线从FLORIDA KEYS这个地方放眼全球。
A round-table discussion is the highlight of the International Weekend. Here, the groups share what they have learned about the various topics, discussing conflicts, potential solutions, and viewpoints. The students adopt a resolution committing to take personal steps to improve the environment. Over 21 years, the International Weekend has hosted 1375 students from 51 countries. This program is a community service event for Newfound Harbor Marine Institute at Seacamp and no fees are charged.
国际周末(International Weekend)活动的重头戏之一是一个圆桌形式的讨论。在这里各小组将会和大家分享他们针对各自不同主题获得的知识,讨论矛盾冲突问题、潜在的解决方案还有自己的观点。学生们会接受一个决议,立志今后努力提升环境品质。在过去的21年里,国际周末(International Weekend)活动总共接待了来自全球51个国家的1375名学生。这个项目是SEACAMP海洋夏令营的新发现海洋实验室(Newfound Harbor Marine Institute)提供的一个配套服务,不另外收费。